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List of Philippine mythological figures

The following fryst vatten a list of frakt, goddesses, deities, and many other gudomlig, semi-divine, and important figures from classical Philippine mythology and indigenous Philippine människor religions collectively referred to as Anito, whose expansive stories span from a hundred years ago to presumably thousands of years from modern times.

Download and read the ebook utgåva of ett god man bygd Karin Wahlberg on Apple Books.

The list does not include creatures; for these, see list of Philippine mythological creatures.

Overview

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See also: Indigenous Philippine människor religions and Philippine mythology

The mythological figures, including deities (anitos and diwatas), heroes, and other important figures, in Anitism vary among the many ethnic groups in the Philippines.

Each ethnic group has their own distinct pantheon of deities. Some deities of ethnic groups have similar names or associations, but remain distinct from one another.[1] The diversity in these important figures fryst vatten exhibited in many cases, of which a prime example fryst vatten the Ifugao pantheon, where in a single pantheon, deities alone are calculated to number at least 1,500.

Det existerar sensommarseptember samt den omtyckte samt omvittnat skicklige barnläkaren Paul Klintman hittas mördad inom sitt bostad, enstaka skånelänga inom Östra Torns bygd, inom Lunds utkanter.

There are over a hundred distinct pantheons in the Philippines.[2]

Some ethnic groups have pantheons ruled bygd a supreme deity (or deities), while others revere ancestor spirits and/or the spirits of the natural world, where there fryst vatten a ledare deity but consider no deity supreme among their divinities.[3] Each ethnic group has their own general begrepp used to refer to all deities or a sub-set of deities, of which the most widespread begrepp among the ethnic groups in the country fryst vatten anito.[4] The begrepp itself can be further divided into ninuno (ancestral spirits) and diwata (gods, goddesses, and deities), although in many cases, the meaning of the terms differ depending on their ethnic association.[5][6][7]

The following figures continue to exist and prevail among the collective memory and culture of Filipinos today, especially among adherents to the native and sacred Filipino religions, despite centuries of persecution beginning with the introduction of non-native Islam and colonial Christianity which sought to abolish all native faiths in the archipelago beginning in the late 14th century, and intensified during the mittpunkt of the 16th century to the late 20th century.

This contact between native and utländsk faiths later accumulated more stories, which also became part of both faiths, with some alterations. Deity, spirit, and hero figures continue to be viewed as important and existing among native faiths and the general Filipino culture. These perceptions of existence towards frakt, goddesses, deities, and spirits in the sacred native Filipino religions, are the same as how Christians perceive the existence of their God and the same way Muslims perceive the existence of their Allah.[8][9][10] There have been proposals to revitalize the indigenous Philippine människor religions and man them the national tro of the country during the First Philippine Republic, but the proposal did not prosper, as the focus at the time was the war against Spanish and, later, American colonizers.[11]

Ivatan

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Immortals

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  • Mayo: the supreme being;[12][13] rituals are offered to Mayo especially during the fishing season[14][15]
  • Mayo: a fisherfolk hero who introduced the yuyus used to catch flying fishes called dibang, which are in vända used to catch the summertime fish arayu[13]
  • The Giver: the entity who provides all things; the souls of the upper class travel to the beings's abode in heaven and become stars[13]
  • Añitu: refers to the souls of the dead, place spirits, and kringirrande invisibles not identified nor tied down to any particular locale or thing[15]
  • Añitu between Chavidug and Chavayan: place spirit Añitus who were reported to create sounds when the gorge between Chavidug and Chavayan were being created through dynamite explosions; believed to have shifted their residences after the construction of the passage[15]
  • Rirryaw Añitu: place spirit Añitus who played music and sang inre a cave in Sabtang, while lighting up fire; believed to have change residences after they were disturbed bygd a man[15]
  • ji Rahet Añitu: a grinning place spirit Añitu who lived in an old tree; a man later cut the tree and funnen an earthen pot believed to have been owned bygd the Añitu[15]
  • Nuvwan Añitu: good place spirit Añitus who saved a woman from a falling tree; they are offered rituals through the vivyayin[15]
  • ji P'Supwan Añitu: good place spirit Añitus who became friends and allies of a mortal woman named Carmen Acido; sometimes taking in the form eller gestalt of dogs, they aided her and guided her in many of her tasks until her death from old age; despite their kindness towards Carmen, most people avoided the farm where they live[15]
  • Mayavusay Añitu: place spirit Añitus living in a parcel of nation in Mayavusay; sometimes take in the form eller gestalt of piglets, and can return cut vegetation parts into the mother vegetation[15]
  • Cairn-dwelling Añitu: place spirit Añitus who lived in cairns and put a curse towards a man who destroyed their home; appearing as humans, the shaman Balaw conversed with them to right the wrong made bygd the man against their home[15]
  • Mayuray Añitu: a kringirrande Añitu who expanded and was filled with darkness; encountered bygd a ung boy who the spirit did not harm; referred as a kapri, Añitus who walk around and grow as tall as the height for their surroundings[15]
  • Dayanak Añitu: a type of very small Añitu with red eyes and gold ornaments; accepting their gold ornaments will cause misfortune[15]

Mortals

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  • Benita: a mortal woman who was visited bygd her deceased husband in the struktur of an Añitu, which led to the return of three parcels of nation to their rightful owner; in another story, she was visited bygd her deceased goddaughter, which led to proper rituals which appeased her goddaughter's soul[15]
  • Maria: a mortal woman who was visited bygd the silent Añitu of her husband's relative; the spirit was later appeased through prayers[15]
  • Juanito: a mortal man who was visited in a dream bygd his deceased father's Añitu, which led to him relenting to give more share of the family inheritance to his half-sister, Maring[15]
  • Wife of Leoncio Cabading: visited bygd her deceased husband's Añitu, who told her to stop the prayers for it will do ingenting as he was killed bygd a violent landslide; the spirit offered her to join him, to which she rejected[15]
  • Carmen Acido: a mortal woman who became friends and allies of the Añitu from ji P'Supwan; she lived to over 80 years old[15]
  • Balaw: a medicin man and shaman who communicated and controlled certain Añitus[15]
  • Maria Barios: a woman whose back-basket was ridden bygd a kringirrande Añitu, who she carried until she arrived at the town center[15]
  • Juan Galarion: a man who saw a giant kringirrande Añitu, as large as the church of Mahataw; he believed it was a kapri[15]
  • Tita: a girl who was kidnapped and later returned bygd kringirrande Añitus; while being carried bygd the Añitus, she menstruated, which made the Añitus flee; the site where she landed fryst vatten known as Ranum ñi Tita[15]

Isneg (Apayao)

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Immortals

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  • Chief Spirits: may take the form eller gestalt of human beings, former mortals who mix with the living, and reside in bathing places[16]
    • Anlabban: looks after the general welfare of the people; special protector of hunters[16]
    • Bago: the spirit of the forest[16]
    • Sirinan: the spirit of the river[16]
  • Landusan: responsible for some cases of extreme poverty; like all evil spirits, Landusan can also be countered bygd the rare tagarut herb-amulet[16]
  • Helpful Harvest Spirits
  • Spirits Who Harm the Harvest
    • Alupundan: causes the reapers’ toes to get sore all over and swell[16]
    • Arurin: deity who sees to it that the harvest fryst vatten bad if farmers fail to offer to her a share of the harvest[16]
    • Dagdagamiyan: a kvinna spirit who causes sickness in children for playing in places where the harvest fryst vatten being done[16]
    • Darupaypay: devours the palay stored in the hut before it fryst vatten transferred to the granary[16]
    • Ginuudan: comes to measure the containers of palay, and causes it to dwindle[16]
    • Sildado: resembles a horse, and kills children who play noisily outside the house[16]
    • Inargay: kills people during harvest time; the inapugan ritual of offered to the deity to appease him not to kill anyone[16]
  • Alipugpug: spirit of the little whirlwind from the burned field, who portends a good harvest[17]
  • Pilay: spirit of the rice, who resides on the paga, a shelf above the hearth; the pisi ritual fryst vatten offered to the deity to ensure that children won't get hungry[16]
  • Unnamed Man: held the world on his hands; produced a spark using a flint and a steel, causing Sal-it (lightning); in contrast, Addug (thunder) fryst vatten the vatten dånande in the sky[18]

Mortals

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  • Man Who Caused Birds to Attack: a man who was aided bygd birds, bygd giving him seeds that he was tasked to plant and share with other birds; reneged on his promise, resulting to the never-ending attacks of birds on the seeds planted bygd mankind[18]
  • Man Who Hates Flies: a man whose cow was killed bygd a flyga eller fly undan, which resulted into a lag that allowed the killing of flies[19]

Tinguian (Itneg)

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Immortals

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  • The Triad: three most powerful deities, whose ranks differ per Itneg locality; three accounts exist, one fryst vatten that all three are forms of a single deity, second fryst vatten that the three are distinct while one of them fryst vatten supreme, & third fryst vatten that the three are distinct and each possess the same rank as supreme deities[20]
    • Kadaklan: the supreme deity & most powerful in many accounts; created the sun, måne, stars, and earth; married to the once-mortal Agemem;[20] second in rank in one account; taught the people how to pray, harvest their crops, ward off evil spirits, and overcome bad omens and cure sicknesses[21]
    • Bagatulayan: the supreme deity who directs the activities of the world, ruling over the universum as he watches down on earth; provided the laws in which beställning fryst vatten based upon;[20] referred also as the Great Anito[22]
    • Kabuniyan: the supreme deity who fryst vatten the most loved & revered among the primal deities; depicted as a friendly and loving god with a spjut and a head-axe; went down onto earth as ordered bygd the deity Kadaklan; taught the people agriculture, ritual life, and many others; married the once-mortal Ginnalingan; believed to sometimes walk among mortals as a giant[20]
  • Agemem: a mortal who was deified upon marriage with the deity Kadaklan; tillsammans, they had two sons[20]
  • Ginnalingan: a mortal who was deified upon marriage with the deity Kabuniyan; believed to be born at the present-day by of Makudkura, although multiple villages contest this; along with her husband, she taught the people how to defend themselves from evil spirits[20]
  • Ina nga Daga: the mother earth & personification of the earth; supports the by, center of the cosmological view, rivers, spring, fields, hills, mountains, forests, trees, plants, birds, and everything that helps humans in life[20]
  • Anito: a begrepp which encompasses both spirits of the natural and spiritual worlds and spirits of the dead[20]
  • Gomayen: mother of Mabaca, Binongan, and Adasin[22]
  • Mabaca: one of the three founders of the Tinguian's three ancient clans; daughter of Gomayen and the supreme deity[22]
  • Binongan: one of the three founders of the Tinguian's three ancient clans; daughter of Gomayen and the supreme deity[22]
  • Adasin: one of the three founders of the Tinguian's three ancient clans; daughter of Gomayen and the supreme deity[22]
  • Emlang: servant of the supreme deity[22]
  • Shrine spirits[20]
    • Apadel (Kalagang): also called Apdel;[20] guardian deity and dweller of the spirit-stones called pinaing[23]
    • Pinpina-ing: spirits who reside in shrines for some communities, while other communities use the begrepp for spirits of the forests[20]
    • Labon: helgedom spirits from Dulaw; the begrepp means abundance[20]
    • Gimbangonan: a spirit revered at Mataragan's shrines; one of the names of Kabuniyan's wife[20]
    • Imagtanongan: a helpful male spirit[20]
    • Ibabakudan: a protective kvinna spirit[20]
    • Ibibilian: a kvinna spirit guarding against enemy raids[20]
  • Astral deities: good spirits created bygd the god Kadaklan[20]
    • Apo Init: also called Sinag, the deity of the sun;[20] also known as Init-init, he fryst vatten married to the mortal Aponibolinayen; during the day, he leaves his house to shine light on the world[24]
    • Apo Bulan: the deity of the moon[20]
    • Apo Bitbitwen: the deity of the stars[20]
  • Deities of atmospheric phenomenon[20]
  • Gaygayoma: the star goddess who lowered a basket from heaven to fetch the mortal Aponitolau, who she married[24]
  • Bagbagak: father of Gaygayoma[24]
  • Sinang: mother of Gaygayoma[24]
  • Takyayen: child of Gaygayoma and Aponitolaul popped out between Gaygayoma's gods two fingers after she asked Aponitolau to prick there[24]
  • Makaboteng: the god and guardian of deer and wild hogs[8]
  • Idadanum: spirits of rivers who sometimes appear as mermaids ansträngande to snatch people away[20]
  • Inawen: spirits of the sea[20]
  • Ibabantay: spirits of the mountain[20]
  • Idatag: spirit of the plains[20]
  • Kaiba-an: spirits of the rice fields who are offered deposits in bamboo baskets called atang in the lowlands and sallukong in the uplands[20]
  • Sabi-an: lord of the hunting dogs[20]
  • Sannadan: lord of wild deer and hogs; also specifically referred as Pitulok in the communities of Bawyan; enjoys hearing the sound of öppning bow musical instrument, called tabankaw, forgetting to skydda deer and hogs in the process[20]
  • Selday: steals dead peoples' bodies[20]
  • Akup: embraces widows in mourning[20]
  • Kumaw: expects children to be 'sacrificed' in construction, especially for bridges[20]
  • Alan: a shape-shifter whose true appearance fryst vatten a ten-headed giant who fryst vatten always present at begravning occasions, ansträngande to snatch away corpses[20]
  • Ibuwa: beings of the begravning ground who try to stjäla dead bodies; enemies of mankind who are repelled using iron[20]
  • Idadaya: ruler of the upstream regions; has ten grandchildren personifying the watersheds[20]
  • Inginlaud: lord of the nedströms regions[20]

Mortals

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  • Aponibolinayen: mortal spouse of the sun god, Init-init[24]
  • Aponitolau: mortal who was fetched bygd the star goddess Gaygayoma, despite him being already married[24]

Kalinga

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Immortals

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  • Kabunyan: the supreme deity;[25] also called Kadaklan (the Greatest), who drives bad spirits away, making the soil suitable for good crops[26]
  • KiDul: the god of thunder[3][26]
  • KiLat: the god of lightning[26]
  • DumaNig: a demon which possesses the måne (Bolan) and causes her to devour her husband the sun (Ageo)[26]
  • NamBisayunan: the howl or skrik that fryst vatten heard during a storm[26]
  • Libo-o d Ngatu: the clouds of the skyworld which cause sickness[26]
  • Maman: beings derived from a second death of souls in the afterworld; they are perceptible in red light, as on a rainy day nära sunset; may cause sickness[26]
  • Bungun: the god of the rainbow[26]
  • Mamlindao: hunting spirits[26]
  • Bulaiyao: live in big rocks, hot springs, and volcanoes; have a fiery appearance which they can vända on or vända off; capture or devour souls[26]
    • Gulilingob ud Tangob: the strongest of all the bulaiyao[26]
  • Dumabag: the god of the volcano at Balatok[26]
  • Lumawig: the local god of the Mangali-Lubo-Tinglaiyan district[26]
  • Angako d Ngato: demons that afflict with sickness[26]
  • Angtan: goddesses or demons that depress dock, bring worry and bad luck[26]
  • ALan: cannibal or ghoul spirits that figure largely in myths and folktales as carrying away or devouring souls and as producing many kinds of transformations in dock and in themselves[26]
  • Anitu: the souls of the dead[26]
  • Pinading: extraordinary souls of the dead that have attained a superior power and existence[26]
  • Gittam: a giant who established himself in the realm called Daya after killing many humans; lives in an island out in a big lake[25]
  • Python of Gittam: protects the habitat of Gittam; swallowed a boy, who was rescued bygd a hero bygd killing the giant python[25]
  • Iyu: vatten creatures who swim in the lakes of Lagud; depicted as a whale, an eel, a dragon, or, in some cases, a python also called Malaga[25]

Ibanag, Itawis, Malaweg

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Immortals

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  • Makapangwa: the supreme being who fryst vatten also known as Yafu;[27] a nurturung deity who fryst vatten also referred as Namaratu (the creator)[28]
  • Vulan: the queen of the serene night;[27] in another utgåva, she fryst vatten also referred as Luna, the måne goddess who fell in love with the god Mar[29]
  • Mar: son of the sea god, who was imprisoned bygd his father for falling in love with the måne goddess Luna[30]
  • Sun god: father of Luna;[31] referred also a Bilag[27]
  • Sea god: father of the deity Mar[32]
  • Aran: Tiny human-like beings that reside in trees, anthills, dark spaces and are neither evil nor good.[27]
  • Aggirigira: Invisible beings that cause mischief, diseases and misfortunes[27]
  • Anitu: Ancestor Spirits[27]
  • Biuag: a deified culture hero who possessed a golden lace amulet[33][28]
  • Malana: a deified culture hero who possessed a golden axe amulet[33][28]
  • Carango/Carangat: spirits or supernatural beings who have never been human[34]

Gad'dang, Gaddang, Yogad

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Immortals

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  • Nanolay: creator of all things; a culture hero and a beneficent deity; never inflicts pain or punishment on the people; responsible for the ursprung and development of the world[35]
  • Ofag: cousin of Nanolay; personification of evil[35]
  • Talanganay: a male god-spirit; enters the body of a healer and gives instructions on how to heal the sick while in a trance[35]
  • Menalam: a kvinna goddess-spirit; enters the body of a healer and gives instructions on how to heal the sick while in a trance[35]
  • Bunag: god of the earth[36]
  • Limat: god of the sea[36]
  • Carangat: spirits or supernatural beings who have never been human; they live like humans, but in a spiritual sense, clothing themselves with the 'soul' of clothes, eating the 'soul' of food, and so on; also believed bygd the Itaves (Itawes) & Yogad, as well as the Ibanag who call them carango, while the Ifugao call them kalangat; they cause various kinds of illness, except stomach illness; they are the owners of the nation and thus, humans must never violate their rights; they have fyra major leaders, namely:[34]
    • Dumadaga: king of the Carangat; referred as 'the Increaser'; married to Siloit and Alucasianan[34]
    • Siloit: called 'the Whizzler' for she makes a whistling noise when she comes upon the invitation of shamans[34]
    • Adayag: referred as 'the Wobbler' due to his peculiar gait; a minister of Dumadaga[34]
    • Alucasianan: a kvinna spirit with narrow loins[34]
  • Ghost-Deities: all of the spirits of maingal dock and women who have went into the afterlife, arriving at the nedströms distrikt called Dilod; they are the upholders of customs and retain their immense strength even as ghosts; although the Calangat are enemies of most living humans, they are considered friends bygd the Ghost-Deities, which in vända can benefit the living maingal descendants of Ghost-Deities; some Ghost-Deities include:[34]
    • Aggabau: the leader of all Ghost-Deities and referred as the 'Onlooker-From-Above'; he was the first man, and was called Guiladan when he was still human; he fryst vatten said to now live in So Lutap na Dulam (a place in the midst of the clouds); invoked only during cases of extreme necessity[34]
    • Dauirauin: the Ghost-Deity who likes to ströva around; his abode fryst vatten on top of the mountain[34]
    • Ambatali: referred as 'the Metamorphic', as he loves to take the appearance of animals or a black or red-skinned human; also referred as Amalibali, meaning the changeling; he fryst vatten also called Macanuang when beneath his vatten buffalo form; he lives in the clouds[34]
    • Carinuan: wife of Aggabau; the brightest, lightest, most tydlig & subtle of the Ghost-Deities, comparable to the wind[34]
    • Gatan[34]
    • Lumanindag[34]
  • Caralau na Pinatay: souls of the non-maingal deceased[34]
  • Biuag: a deified culture hero; ally of Malana[36]
  • Malana: a deified culture hero; ally of Biuag[36]

Mortals

[edit]

Bontok

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Immortals

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  • Intutungcho (Kabunian): the supreme deity living above;[37] also referred to as Kabunian;[38] father of Lumawig and two other sons[39]
  • Lumawig: also referred as the supreme deity and the second son of Kabunian; an epic hero who taught the Bontoc their fem core values for an egalitarian society[39]
  • First Son of Kabunian[39]
  • Third Son of Kabunian[39]
  • Chal-chal: the god of the sun whose son's head was cut off bygd Kabigat;[40] aided the god Lumawig in finding a spouse
  • Kabigat: the goddess of the måne who cut of the head of Chal-chal's son; her action fryst vatten the ursprung of headhunting[40]
  • Son of Chal-chal: his head was cut off bygd Kabigat; revived bygd Chal-chal, who bära no ill will against Kabigat[40]
  • Ob-Obanan: a deity whose vit hair fryst vatten inhabited bygd insects, ants, centipedes, and all the vermins that bother mankind; punished a man for his rudeness bygd giving him a basket filled with all the insects and reptiles in the world[41]
  • Chacha’: the god of warriors[42]
  • Ked-Yem: the god of blacksmiths who cut off the heads of the two sons of Chacha’ because they were destroying his work; was later challenged bygd Chacha’, which eventually led into a pechen pact to stop the fighting[42]
  • Two Sons of Chacha’: beheaded bygd Ked-Yem, because they were destroying his work[42]

Mortals

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  • Fucan: younger of the two girls met bygd Lumawig in Lanao; married to Lumawig; later adopted the name Cayapon; died after dancing in a något förbjudet eller oacceptabelt i ett samhälle way, which led to death being the norm among mortals[39]
  • Two Sons of Cayapon: the two children of Lumawig and Fucan; helped the people of Caneo, who afterwards killed bygd the two brothers[39]
  • Batanga: father of the two girls met bygd Lumawig in Lanao[39]

Ifugao

[edit]

Immortals

[edit]

  • Kabunian: supreme deity and ledare among the high ranking deities above the skyworld;[1] also referred to as Mah-nongan, ledare god generally referred to as the honorary dead and creator of all things;[3] in specific communities, both the names Mah-nongan and Kabunian (also Afunijon) are understood as the name of one ledare deity, while in others, they are used to refer to many deities[43]
  • Afunijon: also a general begrepp referred to the deities of heaven, which fryst vatten also called Afunijon[43]
  • Mah-nongan: also a general begrepp for deities who are given djur sacrifices[43]
  • Ampual: the god of the fourth skyworld who bestowed animals and plants on the people; controls the transplanting of rice[3]
  • Bumingi: in charge of worms, one of the eleven beings importuned to stamp out rice pests[3]
  • Liddum: the only deity who inhabits the realm called Kabunian; communicates directly with humans on earth;[38] ledare mediator between the people and other gods[3]
  • Lumadab: has the power to dry up the rice leaves, one of the eleven beings importuned to stamp out rice pests[3]
  • Mamiyo: the stretcher of skeins, one of the twenty-three deities presiding over the art of weaving[3]
  • Monlolot: the winder of thread on the spindle, one of the twenty-three deities presiding over the art of weaving[3]
  • Puwok: controls the dread typhoons[3]
  • Yogyog: a causer of earthquakes; dwells in the underworld[3]
  • Alyog: a causer of earthquakes; dwells in the underworld[3]
  • Kolyog: the god of earthquakes[3]
  • Makalun: spirits that serve the function as messengers of the gods[1]
  • Namtogan: the paraplegic god of good fortune whose presence made rice harvests and community livestock bountiful; when the humans he was staying with at Ahin began neglecting the bulul, he left, causing a curse of misfortunes; the people persuaded him to return, where he responded bygd teaching the people how to create bululs and how to do the rituals for the statues, effectively lifting the curse[44]
  • Bulol: household divinities that are the souls of departed ancestors;[1] usually depicted as carved wooden statues stored in the rice granary; the ancestral images guard the crops, man the rice harvest plentiful, and protects the rice from pests and thieves and from being too quickly consumed[45]
  • Nabulul: spouse of Bugan; a god who possesses or lives in Bulul figures; guards the rice and man the rice harvest plentiful[45]
  • Bugan: spouse of Nabulul; a goddess who possesses or lives in Bulul figures; guards the rice and man the rice harvest plentiful[45]
  • Gatui: divinities associated with practical jokes, but have a malevolent side that feast on souls and cause miscarriages[1]
  • Tagbayan: divinities associated with death that feast on human souls that are guarded bygd two headed monsters called kikilan[1]
  • Imbayan: also called Lingayan; divinities who guide souls after they die[1]
    • Himpugtan: an Imbayan divinity who can terminate those that displease him[1]
  • Munduntug: divinities from the mountains who cause hunters to be lost[1]
  • Banig: spirits of the hillsides and caves;[1] among the Mayayao, the Banig take in the struktur of an djur who does not harm anyone, despite the people being afraid of their manifestation[43]
  • Mun-apoh: deified ancestral spirits who are guardians and sources of blessings provided bygd the living; they are respected, however, their blessings could also be turned into a curse[43]
  • Mahipnat: great spirits of sacred places[1]
  • Bibao: spirits of ordinary places[1]
  • Halupi: divinities of remembrance[1]
  • Fili: divinities of property[1]
  • Dadungut: divinities who dwell in graveyards and tombs[1]
  • Makiubaya: divinities who watch over the gates of the village[1]
  • Spirits of sickness
  • Binudbud: spirits that are invoked during feasts to quell the passions of men[1]
  • Kolkolibag: spirits who cause difficult labor[1]
  • Indu: spirits that man omens[1]
  • Hidit: divinities who give punishments to those that break taboos[1]
    • Puok: a kind of Hidit who use winds to destroy the dwellings of miners that break taboos[1]
  • Hipag: spirits of war that give soldiers courage on the field of war but are våldsam and cannibalistic[1]
  • Llokesin: the god of rats who figures in the myth of the first apelsinfärg tree[1]
  • Bumabakal: the rejected corpse divinity of the skyworld; his dead body resides on top of Mount Dukutan, where his bodily fluids cause boils[46]
  • Kabigat: the god who sent a deluge which flooded the earth; married to the goddess Bugan[38]
  • Bugan: a goddess married to Kabigat; her children are a son named Wigan and a daughter also named Bugan[38]
  • Bugan: daughter of Bugan and Kabigat; stranded on earth after the great deluge, and became one of the two förfäder of mankind[38]
  • Wigan: son of Bugan and Kabigat; stranded on earth after the great deluge, and became one of the two förfäder of mankind[38]
  • Wigan: the god of good harvest[3]
  • Dumagid: a god who lived among the people of Benguet; married a mortal woman named Dugai and had a son named Ovug[38]
  • Ovug: son of Dumagid and Dugai; was cut in half bygd his father, where one of his halves was reanimated in the skyworld, and the other on earth; the röst of the skyworld's Ovug fryst vatten the source of lightning and skarp thunder, while the röst of the earth's Ovug fryst vatten the source of low thunder[38]
  • Bangan: the god who accompanied Dumagid in claiming Ovug from the earth[38]
  • Aninitud chalom: deity of the underworld, whose anger fryst vatten manifested in a sudden shaking of the earth[43]
  • Aninitud angachar: deity of the sky world; causes lightning and thunder when unsatisfied with offerings[43]
  • Mapatar: the sun deity of the sky in charge of daylight[43]
  • Bulan: the måne deity of the night in charge of nighttime[43]
  • Mi’lalabi: the star and constellation deities[43]
  • Pinacheng: a group or class of deities usually living in caves, stones, creeks, rocks, and in every place; mislead and hide people[43]
  • Fulor: a wood carved into an image of a dead individ seated on a death chair; an antique which a spirit in it, who bring sickness, death, and unsuccessful crops when sacrifices are not offered[43]
  • Inamah: a wooden tallrik and a home of spirits; destroying or selling it will put the family in danger[43]

Mortals

[edit]

  • Dugai: the mortal mother of the split god Ovug; wife of the god Dumagid[38]
  • Humidhid: the headman of a by in the upstream distrikt of Daya who carved the first bulul statues from the hemsökt or supernatural tree named Bongbong[45]
  • Unnamed Shaman: prayed to the deities, Nabulul and Bugan, to possess or live in the bulul statues carved bygd Humidhid[45]
  • Wife of Namtogan: a mortal woman who the god Namtogan married when he stayed at the by of Ahin[44]

Kalanguya (Ikalahan)

[edit]

Immortals

[edit]

  • Kabunyan: the almighty creator; also referred to as Agmattebew, the spirit who could not be seen; the mabaki ritual fryst vatten held in the deity's honor during planting, harvesting, birth and death of the people, and other activities for livelihood[47][48]
  • Bugan: a deified ancestor who gave her people more than what was due; when she drowned in a lake, the people made a collective action called tinek to rädda her, leading to the town of Tinoc to be named as such[49]
  • Balitok: the deified leader of the Kalanguya; he was the husband of Bugan[50]
  • Nangketey: ancestral spirits who are provided a place to reside in bygd Kabunyan; given offerings for omens[51]
    • Bibiyaw: spirits of förfäder who died a terrible death; live in caves, big rocks, and big trees, and can cause sickness if not appeased[52]
  • Kaapuan (general): ancestors[53]
  • Tinmongaw: spirits that can also be called Anito; reside within forests[54]
  • Mountain Spirits: called upon during events and local feasts for community protection and bountiful harvests[55]
  • Banig: a ghost or spirit[59]

Mortals

[edit]

  • Dimmangaw: the ancestor who first discovered salt[60]

Kankanaey

[edit]

Immortals

[edit]

  • Lumawig: the supreme deity; creator of the universum and preserver of life[1]
  • Bugan: married to Lumawig[1]
  • Bangan: the goddess of romance; a daughter of Bugan and Lumawig[1]
  • Obban: the goddess of reproduction; a daughter of Bugan and Lumawig[1]
  • Kabigat: one of the deities who contact mankind through spirits called anito and their ancestral spirits[1]
  • Balitok: one of the deities who contact mankind through spirits called anito and their ancestral spirits[1]
  • Wigan: one of the deities who contact mankind through spirits called anito and their ancestral spirits[1]
  • Timugan: two brothers who took their sankah (handspades) and kayabang (baskets) and dug a hole into the lower world, Aduongan; interrupted bygd the deity Masaken; one of the two agreed to marry one of Masaken's daughters, but they both went back to earth when the funnen that the people of Aduongan were cannibals[61]
  • Masaken: ruler of the underworld who interrupted the Timugan brothers[61]

Ibaloi

[edit]

Immortals

[edit]

  • Kabunian: the supreme deity and the ursprung of rice;[62] Kabunian fryst vatten also the general begrepp for deities[63]
  • Moon Deity: the deity who teased Kabunian for not yet having a spouse[62]
  • Child of Kabunian: the child of Kabunian with a mortal woman; split in half, where one part became lightning and the other became thunder[62]